How many phases are generally involved in a structural collapse rescue?

• A. Five
• B. Three
• C. Four
• D. Six

Answer: (A)

In structural collapse rescue, actions are organized into five distinct phases to move safely from the moment of arrival to the handoff of victims. First, quick size-up and scene safety establish command, identify hazards, and set priorities. Next, stabilization and access create safe conditions for rescuers and prevent further collapse, including shoring and securing unstable debris. Then comes search and rescue, where teams systematically locate victims and determine who needs lifesaving intervention first. After that, extrication and on-scene medical care focus on removing victims safely, providing initial care, and packaging them for transport. Finally, transfer to medical teams and demobilization wrap up the operation, ensure proper hand-off, and restore the site. The five-phase structure helps ensure life safety, structural control, effective victim location, timely rescue, and orderly conclusion.